A cancerous diagnosis of the stomach is not a sentence. Treatment for some types of cancer includes. This can lead to a number of changes in lifestyle and eating habits. A gastrectomy is the removal of part or all of the stomach. Particular attention is paid to what kind of food after removal of the stomach in cancer is assigned to the patient. The absence of the main digestive organ significantly affects the diet.

To solve the problems of the stomach, if other types of treatment do not help, removal of the organ is used in the following cases:

• benign tumors;
• bleeding;
• inflammation;
• perforation of the stomach wall;
• polyps, or growths inside your stomach;
• stomach cancer;
• severe ulcer or duodenal ulcer.

With a stomach ulcer, it is necessary to maintain normal stomach acidity. Gastric juice lowers acidity if you drink cabbage juice and walk slowly after eating.

There are three main types of gastrectomy:

• Partial resection - removal of part of the stomach. As a rule, the lower half of the stomach is removed, the remaining part is connected to the intestines.
• Removal of the entire stomach - the esophagus is connected to the small intestine.
• Removed as part of weight loss surgery – up to ¾ of the stomach can be removed during a gastrectomy sleeve, the remainder is pulled up and held together, creating a smaller belly and appetite.

After gastric surgery, the ability to absorb liquids and food remains. However, you will need to make a few lifestyle changes after the procedure. The diet is strictly observed after the operation.

Certain types of surgeries can also be used to treat obesity. By making the stomach smaller, it fills up more quickly. This may help you eat less. However, Obesity Surgery is performed when other options have failed. Less invasive procedures include:

• diet;
• an exercise;
• treatment, blood tests, to monitor performance;
• consultation with a nutritionist and physician.

How to prepare for surgery

Before surgery, your doctor will order blood tests and imaging tests. This ensures that you are healthy enough for the procedure. You may have to stop taking certain medications before surgery.

The patient should tell their doctor about other illnesses or pregnancy. The patient must stop smoking.

Smoking adds extra recovery time and can create more complications.

Gastrectomy risks include:

• acid reflux;
• diarrhea;
• dumping syndrome with insufficient digestion;
• incision wound infection;
• chest infection;
• internal bleeding;
• leakage from the stomach;
• nausea;
• vomit;
• stomach acid seeps into the esophagus, causing scarring, narrowing of strictures;
• blockage of the small intestine;
• avitaminosis;
• weight loss.

How is a resection performed?

There are two different ways to perform a gastrectomy. All of them are performed under general anesthesia. This means that you will be in deep sleep during the operation and you will not be able to feel any pain.

Open surgery – involves one large incision.

Laparoscopic surgery - uses small incisions and specialized instruments. It includes less pain and faster recovery time. These are more advanced surgeries with a lower complication rate.

After the operation, the doctor will close the incision with stitches and the wound will be bandaged. The patient will undergo a rehabilitation phase under the supervision of a nurse. After the operation, the patient may stay in the hospital for one to two weeks. During this period, tubes will pass through the nose to the stomach.

This will allow the doctor to remove any fluids produced by the stomach and help keep you feeling nauseous. The patient will be fed intravenously for three days. On the fourth day, a gradual 30-50 grams of nutrition begins after removal of the stomach in cancer with a gradual increase in portions.

Swallowing problems

Swallowing problems often occur after gastric surgery. Food usually passes very quickly into the stomach from the esophagus. Food is partially digested, so it must enter the intestines in small quantities. The stomach can hold about 2 liters of food and drink. Without a stomach, food enters the intestines almost undigested, and the intestines will only take in a small amount at a time. This means that you should eat very slowly and little by little.

Sometimes the intestines won't take in more and there will be a problem with swallowing. Your doctor may prescribe medications to help speed up the passage of food. They are usually taken before meals. When the body adapts, the problem will be partially solved on its own. But this does not mean that you will be able to eat large amounts of food.

diet therapy

The first months after the operation, a wiped diet No. R is prescribed. After returning home, you may need to adjust your eating habits. Some changes may include when the stomach is removed:

• chew food thoroughly;
• eat less food during the day;
• gradual increase in portion;
• varied fractional nutrition;
• mashed food;
• avoid foods high in fiber;
• eat foods rich in calcium, iron and vitamins C and D;
• take vitamin supplements.

Recovery after gastrectomy can take a long time. Eventually, your stomach and small intestine will gradually stretch. Then you will be able to consume more fiber, and eat more adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals.

Stomach oncology, with oncology it is better to eat crushed and jelly-like food. Proper nutrition is always difficult for any healthy person, but the diet after the removal of the stomach for cancer will be even stricter. Nausea may be a problem. A cancer patient may lose their appetite for a while and lose weight.

Weight must be maintained by good nutrition. This is not the time to restrict your diet. If you are losing weight or have problems with food, then eat whatever you want in a pureed form. Eat small meals every 2 to 3 hours until you feel better. In the future, eat 4-5 times a day.

The menu should be varied: dietary meat and fish, buckwheat, oatmeal, cottage cheese, eggs, mashed vegetables and fruit jelly, mashed soups, compotes. It is necessary to give preference to meat products: rabbit, chicken, turkey, veal, beef. Exclude: lamb, pork, semolina and millet. Food should not be oversalted.

Bread can be eaten one month after the operation. You can consult a dietitian who can give you ideas on how to deal with some of the side effects of the treatment.

If part or all of the stomach is removed, you will have to eat less food, but more often. It is recommended to stay upright after eating. Your doctor or nutritionist can help you determine your diet.

When part or all of the stomach is removed, the food that is swallowed quickly passes into the intestines, resulting in various post-eating symptoms. Some patients have problems with nausea, diarrhea, sweating and flushing after eating. This is called dumping syndrome. When part or all of the stomach is removed, the food that is swallowed quickly passes into the intestines, leading to various complications.

Sometimes people may need nutritional supplements to get the nutrients they need. Individuals may need to be fed through a tube inserted into the small intestine. It is done through a small hole in the skin on the abdomen during minor surgery to help prevent weight loss and improve nutrition. Less commonly, a tube known as a gastrostomy or G-tube may be placed in the lower abdomen.

After cancer treatment, the patient must receive a dietary table and put healthy eating habits in place.

Eating healthy and avoiding alcohol and smoking can reduce your risk from a range of cancers, as well as many other health benefits.

Informative video

Gastric cancer is a malignant tumor that is the result of an inflammatory reaction on the mucous membrane. Junk food, severe stress, alcohol abuse - all this can serve as an impetus to the activation of the pathological process. The disease affects the cells of the stomach, leading to their death.

Like any cancer, gastric carcinoma can metastasize. First of all, the liver is affected, which is why the pathology is sometimes accompanied by jaundice. The tumor process requires immediate treatment. The part of the stomach affected by cancer is removed along with the inflamed lymphatic vessels.

The procedure in most cases provides a complete recovery. At the initial stages, the disease is quite difficult to detect. The symptoms of a precancerous condition are minor, and it can take ten or even twenty years before a carcinoma develops.

Surgery is a radical way to fight cancer, which is used when there is no other way to save a life. There are several types of surgical intervention, and only in rare cases does it involve the total removal of an organ. Gastrectomy is the complete removal of the stomach, and during resection, only the affected part is removed.

Survival is directly related to the stage of the tumor process and the quality of the operation. The rehabilitation period also plays an important role. The duration of recovery also differs, this is due to age indicators, the volume of removal of the affected organ and the chosen surgical technique.

On average, rehabilitation lasts three months. During this period, patients are prohibited from heavy physical exertion, in no case should the body be supercooled or overheated. Nutrition also plays an important role after removal of the stomach for cancer. The functions of the digestive tract are disturbed due to the operation, so diet is an integral part of the recovery period.

The diet after removal of the stomach for cancer is prescribed in order not to create an additional burden on the rest of the stomach. What is its essence? What products are allowed in the postoperative period, and which ones should be avoided?

Diet after gastric resection will help speed up the recovery process

It is worth noting that not only after surgery, you should switch to proper nutrition. This should be taken care of much sooner. The diet should be followed before the operation, this will help prepare the body for the upcoming stress. A few days before the resection of the stomach, it is recommended to exclude protein foods, as well as foods containing fiber.

Alcohol, carbonated drinks, store-bought juices - all this is prohibited. The menu should contain carbohydrates. Preference should be given to complex rather than light carbohydrates. Confectionery just contains simple carbohydrates, which are quickly digested and provoke a sharp jump in blood glucose.

Complex carbohydrates, on the other hand, are not digested so quickly, do not cause glycemic fluctuations and bring great benefits to the body. The source of complex carbohydrates are cereals. Salt, pepper and other spices are completely excluded from the diet.

Now let's talk in more detail about nutrition after stomach surgery for oncology. Immediately after resection and for the next two days, the patient is fasting. Only on the third day the doctor can allow rosehip broth, sweet tea or compote. But this does not mean that the patient can drink in one gulp, every fifteen minutes he is given only one teaspoon of liquid.

Nevertheless, the patient's body needs nutrients, so special mixtures containing proteins and amino acids are administered intravenously to him. Around the fifth day, the doctor may begin to transfer the patient to a normal diet. But this is subject to the absence of bloating and normal intestinal motility.

And again, this does not mean that the patient can eat whatever he wants: borscht, dumplings, jelly, etc. The diet after stomach surgery includes strict restrictions, which are extremely important to adhere to.

Nutrition after gastric resection should include liquid or semi-liquid meals

Even a month after the operation, you must continue to follow the diet. Of course, if the patient feels well, then it is not necessary to use grated products. The menu at this stage becomes more diverse.

Meat soups, lean fish, lightly dried white bread are allowed. It is also allowed to consume boiled vegetables, fresh fruits, buckwheat and rice porridge, sour-milk products. After the operation, the elimination of toxic substances slows down, which is why it is so important to consume natural water in sufficient quantities.

It is necessary to prepare for the fact that the first two weeks after the operation are the most difficult. During this period, a person experiences discomfort and a strong feeling of hunger, which is not satisfied with lean soups and pureed dishes.

Useful and harmful products

First, let's talk about what is allowed in the postoperative period:

• slimy soups. They can be cooked on the basis of butter or even cream. You can also use buckwheat, rice or oatmeal;
• lean meat: veal, chicken, turkey;
• lean fish: pollock, cod, pike, hake;
• kissel or berry jelly;
• egg, in the form of a steam omelette or soft-boiled;
• fat-free cottage cheese, milk, yogurt, fermented baked milk, curdled milk.

The following products are prohibited for use:

• alcohol, soda, confectionery - all these foods retain fluid in the body;
• citrus fruits, as they increase the acidity of the stomach;
• rich broths;
• fatty, overcooked food, fast food - all this creates a strong burden on the stomach;
• smoked meats, pickles, marinades, canned food. All of these products also retain water;
• vegetables that promote gas formation should be abandoned: beans, peas, etc.

Sweets will have to be abandoned, but diet desserts without flour and sugar are allowed.

Therapeutic diets

After surgery on the stomach, the patient should eat according to a certain scheme. There are several types of diets that are prescribed to patients. Zero diets are also called surgical diets. They are prescribed in two cases: after operations on the organs of the digestive tract, in a semi-conscious state.

A zero diet is prescribed to provide nutrition in conditions where normal food intake is impossible, difficult or simply contraindicated. It allows you to unload the digestive tract and prevent flatulence. The basis of the diet of diet No. 0 is mechanically and chemically sparing food: liquid, semi-liquid, jelly-like, mashed.

This therapeutic diet is divided into three main groups: 0A, 0B, 0B. All of them involve sufficient intake of fluids and vitamins, as well as proteins, fats and carbohydrates. At the same time, salt is sharply limited. Next, we will talk in more detail about the three types of zero diet.

Diet No. 0A

This diet is prescribed on the fourth or even fifth day after gastric resection. The essence of nutrition is to increase fluid intake and limit salt. Milk, sour cream, cream, carbonated drinks, as well as dense and mashed foods are prohibited. It is better to give preference to such food: fat-free meat broth, rice broth, strained compote, jelly, rosehip broth.

Medical diet number 0 is also called surgical

Diet No. 0B

It is scheduled about a week after the operation. It is already allowed to consume more liquids and table salt. The diet is similar to the above menu, only the list of allowed foods is slightly expanding, namely, liquid mashed rice porridge, buckwheat and oatmeal, low-fat meat broths with semolina, berry mousse, soft-boiled egg.

Diet No. 0B

This diet serves to continue to expand the diet and transition to wholesome nutrition. At this stage, the following dishes are introduced into the menu:

• cream soup and puree soup;
• mashed cottage cheese;
• grated fruit and vegetable puree;
• milk porridge;
• baked apples;
• protein omelet;
• wheat bread crackers;
• dairy products.

Menu for complications

Any surgical intervention is associated with certain risks, and gastric resection is no exception. According to statistics, dumping syndrome appears in ten to thirty percent of cases. The essence of this pathology lies in the fact that practically undigested food from the stomach enters the intestines. This leads to irritation of the intestinal mucosa and stretching of its walls.

As a result, there is a sharp increase in blood flow in this part of the digestive tract, which causes other organs to suffer. Symptoms of dumping syndrome appear about fifteen minutes after eating:

• feeling of fullness in the stomach;
• weakness, drowsiness, dizziness, tinnitus;
• hot flashes, trembling, sweating;
• shortness of breath, tachycardia;
• rumbling in the stomach and diarrhea.

Important! In the postoperative period, temporary problems with the kidneys and fluid excretion may occur. If this happens, drinking more than one glass of liquid at a time is prohibited.

Dieting is an important element of treatment for dumping syndrome. Eat should be fractional, six to eight times a day. Patients are advised to first eat the second dish, and after about half an hour go to the first.

As for drinks, they are allowed to drink either an hour before the main meal, or after the same time after it. Food should not be too hot, because this speeds up the flow of food from the stomach into the intestines, which will only aggravate the existing pathology.

Also, food should be thoroughly chewed or finely chopped during cooking.

So, oncology is not a sentence. Resection of the stomach will help eliminate the problem and live on. But the treatment does not end with the operation, but only begins. Proper nutrition is the key to your speedy recovery. Diet should become your way of life, not a temporary phenomenon.

Resection of the stomach or its part in a number of cases is the only possible method of treatment and saving the patient's life. Gastric surgery is a radical method for the treatment of extensive malignant neoplasms ( stomach cancer ), not amenable to conservative treatment, polyps, gastric bleeding. Despite the progress of medicine, the removal of the stomach remains one of the most difficult surgical operations, and even with its successful implementation and the absence of severe complications, rehabilitation takes a long period of time, and nutrition after gastric surgery is the most important component of this process.

Diet after gastric resection or after removal of part of the stomach

Parenteral nutrition after gastric resection begins with sequentially administered Diet No. 0A , 0B , 0V ( , 1B surgical). Their intended purpose is to provide the patient's body with a minimum amount of basic food nutrients, unload and sparing the stomach, prevent bloating, and. The diet contains easily digestible foods containing complete proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and macro/micronutrients and an increased amount of free fluid. The use of salt is sharply limited.

On the first postoperative day, the patient is shown hunger; on the 2nd day - the diet includes 250 ml of warm sweet tea and rosehip infusion (50 ml), which are given in 15-20 minutes by a teaspoon; for 4-5 days in the absence of bloating and normal peristalsis, appoint Diet number 0A and 2 soft-boiled eggs; for 6-8 days Diet number 0B ; for 9-11 days - Diet number 0B .

• Diet number 0A . Contains 5-10 g of proteins, 15-20 g of fats and 180-200 g of carbohydrates. The volume of free fluid is at the level of 1.8-2.2 liters, sodium chloride is not more than 1-2 g. The energy value of the daily diet varies between 760-1020 Kcal. Food is served in liquid form. Fractional diet - up to 7-8 times a day and the amount of food at one meal is not more than 250 g. The diet includes mucous decoctions with cream, light low-fat meat broth, fruit and berry jelly / jelly, sweet rosehip broth, fruit and berry juices . Dishes of puree and dense consistency, drinks containing carbon dioxide, whole milk are completely prohibited.
• Diet number 0B . Contains 40-50 g of proteins, 50 g of fats and 250 g of carbohydrates. The volume of free liquid is up to 2 l / day, sodium chloride is not more than 4-5 g. The energy value of the daily diet is 1580-1650 Kcal. Food is prepared in a liquid/puree form. Diet - up to 6 times a day, the volume of servings should not exceed 400 g. In addition to permitted products Diets No. 0A the diet is expanded by adding slimy cereal soups cooked in vegetable broth, soft-boiled eggs, liquid mashed rice and buckwheat cereals, protein steam omelets, mashed diet meat and fish, sweet berry kissels.
• Diet 0B . It is a diet of the transitional stage to the subsequent physiologically complete nutrition. Contains 80-90 g of proteins, 70 g of fats and 320 g of carbohydrates. The volume of free fluid is 1.5 l / day. Sodium chloride is not more than 6-7 g. The energy value of the daily diet is 2100-2400 Kcal. Food is served in puree form. Diet - 5-6 times a day. The diet additionally includes cream/mashed soups, mashed steamed meat and fish, cottage cheese mashed with cream, fermented milk drinks, baked apples, mashed fruit/vegetable puree and 50-75 g of white crackers.

The duration of each of the surgical diets is 2-4 days, but, if necessary, the period of stay on them can be lengthened or shortened. That is, approximately, after 9-12 days, the surgical diet after the operation ends, and the patient is transferred to the standard according to Pevzner (wiped version), in which the amount of food consumed at one time is limited: no more than 250 g of the first mashed dish or a glass of liquid ( 250 g), and for lunch - only two dishes. Eating fractional, 5-6 times a day.

The diet contains an increased amount of protein (100-110 g), which is used as dishes from boiled minced meat, boiled fish, fresh mashed / calcined cottage cheese, egg white omelettes. The amount of fat in the diet is at the level of physiological norms or several times higher (80-90 g). If the patient does not tolerate fats well (and in its pure form too), which is manifested by bitterness in the mouth, regurgitation, diarrhea, their amount is limited to 60-70 g. The carbohydrate content is reduced to 300-320 g due to easily digestible carbohydrates.

In some cases, in particular when dumping syndrome manifested by weakness, heartbeat , chills, feeling hot, abdominal pain and bloating that appear after eating, it is necessary to completely exclude foods containing sugar, since the use of easily digestible carbohydrates is one of the reasons for its appearance.

To slow down the evacuation of food from the stomach stump, it is recommended to use viscous and jelly-like dishes. You can practice separate meals of a dense and liquid consistency, starting with a dense one, as well as eating in a prone position. Eating in uniform small portions 6-7 times a day. After eating, you need to lie / recline in bed for 30-40 minutes. You can also practice eating butter before eating carbohydrate food, which inhibits the removal of food from the gastric stump. With poor tolerance of whole milk, it is excluded from the diet and replaced with other products.

Strong broths based on meat, mushrooms and fish, fatty red meat and fish, some types of birds (duck, goose) and products based on them (sausages, canned food, ham, smoked meats), fried foods, dough products are completely excluded from the diet , fresh bread, spicy snacks, salted fish and vegetables, solid animal fats, uncooked raw vegetables and fruits.

If the patient feels well, 3-4 months after the operation, he is gradually transferred to the non-wiped version. Diet #1 . The diet is physiologically complete, contains an increased amount of proteins and an almost normal amount of fats and complex carbohydrates. The restriction applies to simple carbohydrates, in order to prevent the development of dumping syndrome. Culinary methods of food processing are preserved: the products are boiled or steamed, and after boiling they are baked or stewed. In terms of a set of foods, the diet of this diet option is more extensive, but the rules and restrictions are the same.

It is allowed to use low-fat meat soups, borscht, cabbage soup (once a week), dried wheat bread, low-fat varieties of fish and beef, chicken dishes, lean cookies. It is allowed to use boiled and raw vegetables, garden greens, sour-milk products, dishes based on buckwheat and rice, potatoes, mild low-fat cheese, dietary sausages, fresh fruits and berries.

In the absence of complications and satisfactory function of the gastrointestinal tract, 6 months after surgery, the patient can switch to a normal diet, but taking into account the diet and the characteristics of the chemical composition of the diet. Self-correction of a set of food products in the diet is possible, taking into account individually intolerable products. With a pronounced loss of body weight (by 10-15%) after gastric resection, especially for cancer, the calorie content of the daily diet should be increased compared to the physiological norm by increasing the content of the main dietary nutrients recommended for the diet.

With the appearance of complications such as inflammation of the anastomosis or gastric stump, the occurrence of peptic ulcer assign the worn option Diet #1 , and during exacerbation - consistently No. 1A and 1B with the introduction of changes in them, taking into account the intolerance of certain products. In general, the nutrition of patients with diseases of the operated stomach must be individualized.

It is advisable to include specially designed dietary nutritional mixtures in nutrition after stomach surgery - " Nutrizon », « Nutridrink », « Berlamin Modular ”, which should be administered in small portions, can be diluted with water, with a constant assessment of their tolerability.

Dietary nutrition must necessarily include taking tablets of a vitamin-mineral complex, drugs that normalize the motor-evacuation function of various parts of the gastrointestinal tract and drugs containing enzymes to improve digestion ( Creon , Mezim-forte ). Complete rehabilitation of patients is long and usually occurs by the end of the first year after surgery.

Indications

Resection of the stomach and complications of the operated stomach.

Approved Products

Diet after resection of the stomach when transferring the patient to Diet #1 (BUT , B ) includes slimy cereal soups from rice, buckwheat, oatmeal with the addition of butter, low-fat cream or egg-milk mixture, cream to the finished dish. For second courses, low-fat types of red meat (veal, beef), chicken or turkey meat, well boiled and passed through a meat grinder, are used.

White fish dishes (cod, pollock, pike, hake) are allowed in the form of steamed or boiled fish. Cereal dishes are prepared with milk/water in the form of liquid porridge from buckwheat, oatmeal, rice groats, to which butter is added.

With good tolerance, the diet includes milk and dishes based on it, low-fat cream, calcined cottage cheese, milk jelly, chicken eggs in the form of a steam omelet or boiled soft-boiled.

From fats, preference is given to butter and vegetable oils, added immediately before use in the finished dish. Kissels and jelly from sweet berries are useful. From drinks - juices from fresh berries, weak tea with cream, rosehip infusion.

Table of allowed products

Wholly or partially restricted products

In the diet of the patient after surgery on the stomach, bakery and confectionery products, fresh bread, pastries, products from any kind of dough are excluded. Strong broths based on meat or fish, dishes from fatty meats and fish, as well as products based on them (canned food, sausages, smoked meats), solid animals and cooking fats, fried foods, pickles, mushrooms, various snacks, vegetables and raw fruits, fatty cottage cheese, cheese, sour cream, dairy products.

You can not include various sauces and seasonings, spices in the diet. It is forbidden to drink carbonated drinks, strong tea, coffee, concentrated vegetable and fruit juices, any alcohol-containing drinks.

Table of prohibited products

Nutrition menu after gastric resection (Diet)

The menu for a week after gastric resection should provide an alternation of various protein and cereal dishes in order to prevent its monotony, with strict observance of the permitted methods of culinary processing of products and, most importantly, respect for the volume of servings. At the same time, it must be remembered that meat / fish dishes are allowed to be consumed in the form of mashed potatoes or soufflés 1 time per day. If milk is intolerant, it must be replaced with other products or consumed in small portions, as well as diluted with weak tea.

Nutrition after surgery on the stomach for cancer is an integral part not only during the rehabilitation period, but also throughout the patient's life. The basic principle of the diet is that the patient should eat fractional meals at least five times a day. The menu should be developed exclusively by a nutritionist for each case on an individual basis.

How to gain weight

After removal of the stomach, patients experience difficulty maintaining a normal body weight. As a rule, weight loss is noted after gastrectomy. If there is a lack of appetite, then the person will be advised to follow certain rules that will help to gain the missing mass and return it to normal.

First of all, you need to make sure that the appearance of the food is as attractive as possible. For this dish, you can decorate with slices of lemon, tomato or various herbs.

It is noted that the increase in appetite contributes to the use of a small amount of cognac or aperitif. However, before taking alcoholic beverages, it is necessary to consult with your doctor, who will determine the possibility of taking alcoholic beverages.

Often the smells that arise during cooking become the cause of disgust from food. In such cases, you need to make sure that someone close to you prepares the food. Alternatively, you can try chilled beautifully decorated dishes.

Since appetite often changes with mood, one should try to keep it good for as long as possible. To do this, the menu should have more favorite, but at the same time allowed cooking recipes.

In order not to lose weight, you can try to change the familiar and already boring environment, for example, eat not in the kitchen, but in the room.

In some cases, in order to stimulate appetite, specialists prescribe special drugs to patients after removing part of the stomach - the hormone medroxyprogesterone or steroids in small doses.

The presence of a large amount of protein and high-calorie foods in the diet also contributes to an increase in body weight. Your doctor may prescribe the use of protein powders.

Nutrition goals

The main task of the diet in the postoperative period after resection or gastrectomy is to minimize the load on the organs of the digestive system. In addition, the patient after the operation must receive the necessary amount of vitamins, nutrients and other nutrients, which can only be provided in the case of a properly composed diet.

In addition, with proper nutrition, the severity of symptoms decreases, the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract normalizes.

Principles

Nutrition after gastric resection for cancer implies compliance with a number of general simple principles.

In the first two days after the surgical intervention, intensive therapy is carried out, during which the patient is allowed to eat only through the intravenous administration of special solutions. Parenteral nutrition should be prescribed for each patient individually, while it is important to take into account the individual characteristics of the body.

In terms of duration, dietary nutrition should take at least four months. With the development of complications during this period, the diet is extended. At this time, the diet should be as complete as possible. It should consist of a large amount of fats, proteins and carbohydrates, however, mechanical and chemical irritants should be completely excluded.

It is necessary to move from crushed food to regular food at a slow pace. The addition of new foods should be done gradually in small doses. At the same time, it is imperative to monitor how the body will react to innovations.

Only the attending physician can prescribe a diet after removing the stomach.

When the main rehabilitation period is over, at least 300 grams of carbohydrates, 140 protein or 100 fat should be supplied to the patient's body with food. Daily calorie content - from 2800 kcal.

All dishes used are prepared exclusively in a steam bath or by boiling and stewing.

Food can be taken only when its temperature reaches no more than 55 degrees. In the case when vomiting begins after warm dishes, they are replaced with chilled ones.

Often, cancer patients begin to develop hypercalcemia - this is a pathological condition accompanied by an increase in the concentration of calcium in the body. In such situations, reduce the consumption of dairy products and increase the amount of meat and fish.

As for the drinking regime, here you need to be as careful as possible. If the kidneys are working normally, then you can drink up to two liters of fluid per day. Only one glass of water is allowed at one time.

It is necessary to eat in small portions in 5-6 doses. Experts recommend eating outdoors to increase appetite. In addition, you need to try to eat at the same time. So the digestion process will improve, which will prevent irritation of the mucous membrane.

It is important to give up snacks on the go and dry food. These habits will further harm the digestive system.

What can you eat

In the first 1-2 days, the patient is forbidden to eat at all. So that the already weakened body does not lose strength, all the nutrients are ingested through intravenous administration.

If no congestion is found on the third day, you can give the patient rosehip broth, tea or compote with a minimum sugar content.

On the fourth day, high-viscosity soups, meat chopped in a blender, low-fat cottage cheese, soft-boiled eggs are introduced into the diet.

The first seven days, one serving of food should not exceed 50 grams. Gradually the volume increases.

On the 8th day after gastrectomy, a sparing diet is prescribed, which must be followed for four months. During this period, you need to eat more fats and proteins, reduce the intake of carbohydrates.

The diet is based on mashed potatoes, mashed meat products, viscous cereals.

Dishes are cooked exclusively for steam or boiled.

On the 9th-10th day, dietary nutrition No. 0B is prescribed. It is allowed to use pureed soups, baked apples, white crackers, fermented milk drinks, vegetable and fruit purees.

After 3-4 months, in the absence of complications, the patient can switch from mashed food to regular food. The diet becomes more varied. It is allowed to eat soup with meat broth, meat and fish, buckwheat, rice, potatoes, fresh fruits. This diet must be observed for another 60-90 days.

After a complete restoration of the work of the intestines and the gastrointestinal tract, after six months, you can switch to a normal diet.

What is not allowed

After surgery for the complete or partial removal of the stomach with oncological lesions, the following products are prohibited:

• meat and fatty fish;
• spirits and carbonated drinks;
• smoked meats, pickles, marinades;
• fried and fatty foods
• eggs, hard-boiled;
• citrus;
• tomatoes, cabbage, radish, beans.

You can not eat sweets, pastries and fresh bread.

sample menu

Diet food should be developed only by a specialist. The menu for the week might look like this.

Compote with cookies, apple mousse, soufflé, fruit jelly are allowed for a snack. Before going to bed, you can drink a glass of yogurt or kefir.

In order for the recovery period to pass with minimal complications, it is important to strictly follow all the instructions of a specialist regarding nutrition in the field of gastrectomy for a malignant tumor. Before introducing new products, you should consult your doctor.

Surprisingly, many do not know that a person can live without a stomach. The body is able to do without an organ designed for the storage and primary processing of food.

Anastomosis allows products to pass from the esophagus directly into the intestines. Naturally, nutrition after removal of the stomach with stomach cancer changes dramatically. Due to the inability to digest foods, the metabolism is disturbed, against which a variety of complications can develop.

After a gastrectomy, the digestive process changes dramatically, so you need to carefully follow the recommendations of a nutritionist. It is important that the body still receives all the necessary nutrients.

After removal of the stomach, especially if the tumor has spread to the intestines, the patient may not feel hungry at all. Therefore, it is worth trying to eat food, counting calories. Of course, weight loss in the first few months after surgery is a variant of the norm, but the main task of the patient is to prevent a pathological decrease in body mass index. Even if there is no feeling of hunger, it is important to eat at least in order to have the strength to heal the operated areas.

Another feature of digestion is the deterioration of the absorption of certain vitamins: the lack of vitamin B12 is especially acute. The fact is that the stomach produces a protein that allows the intestines to absorb cobalamin. Therefore, patients who have had a total gastrectomy need to drink or pierce B12 every few months.

Nutrition after gastrectomy for cancer also needs to be organized with an eye to the high risk of dumping syndrome. If swallowed food passes too quickly from the esophagus directly into the intestines, nausea, diarrhea, intense sweating and vomiting appear.

Basic diet rules

Nutrition after gastric resection in oncology must obey the most stringent rules. After being discharged home, it is recommended to switch to a “soft” diet of digestible products.

You will have to eat smaller amounts of food, but more often: six to eight small meals a day. It is also recommended to stay upright for some time after the meal is over. Since the stomach can no longer participate in the processing of food, it is important to eat in small pieces and chew even soft foods thoroughly. You should also try not to pass more than 2-3 hours between meals. It's best to carry small snacks with you to fuel up anywhere.

In the first weeks after intranasal or parenteral nutrition is canceled, the diet should consist only of liquid products. Juices, fresh juices, vegetable purees will provide the body with the necessary calories and nutrients, but at the same time will not irritate unhealed areas.

Nutritionist advice! In the first months after the operation, it is imperative to keep a log of food eaten and record the body's reaction. Each organism is unique, therefore, the diet after removal of the stomach for each patient is selected individually. By following this simple rule, a nutritionist will be able to identify food groups that cause flatulence, constipation, or diarrhea.

Another important advice from a nutritionist: you need to stop drinking food. Drinking water at the same time as eating leaves less room for food. Instead, it is better to drink several glasses of pure water between meals.

Habitual and familiar food, which was not previously allergic, can provoke intolerance after surgery. It is worth giving the body time to get used to each new product in the diet.

Allowed, wholly or partially prohibited foods

Nutrition after gastric surgery for oncology should be balanced. The basis of the diet should be protein-rich foods. It is protein that helps the body repair cells and tissues, and also helps the immune system recover from chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

Allowed Protein Sources:

Important! You need to be especially careful with the consumption of dairy products after surgery. The fact is that gastrectomy often provokes lactose intolerance. You should not immediately enter milk, cream, ice cream, cheeses into the menu. It is better to start with fermented milk products, and if there is no negative reaction, then you can go directly to milk.

Whole grains should be included in the diet: they provide the body with the right carbohydrates and fiber, and help maintain energy levels. Optimal sources of whole grains:

• oat groats;
• brown rice;
• whole grain pasta.

You also need to eat a variety of fruits and vegetables on a daily basis. Fruits and vegetables provide the body with antioxidants: the main protectors of healthy cells against cancer.

Don't give up on healthy fats. Fried, fatty and spicy foods should not be in the diet. Instead, add to your diet:

It is also necessary to limit the presence of sweets in the diet, especially processed sugar.

Approximate nutrition menu after gastric resection

In fact, it is difficult to answer the question “how to eat after removing the stomach”, because the body of each patient is unique. However, you can follow the general recommendations of nutritionists. In the first week after stopping nasal feeding, only clear liquids are allowed. To comply with such a rule is real, but difficult. In the event of a feeling of hunger, the patient can be “supplemented” through a tube.

It is very important to make sure that there is no sugar in the drink offered to the patient. The daily menu can be combined from the following dishes:

• vegetable or fish broth;
• green tea;
• dried fruits compote.

In the second week, you can add more protein. Protein shakes are a great option. During the second week, a person may begin to feel psychological hunger. The diet may consist of:

• protein powder diluted with still water without added sugar;
• broth with homemade noodles made from coarse whole grain flour;
• low-fat homemade yogurt without additives;
• grated vegetable puree soups;
• oatmeal jelly;
• compote;
• applesauce.

In the third week after surgery, the primary healing of the intestinal anastomosis is usually noted. The good news is that you can finally start adding solid foods to your diet, albeit pureed. At this stage, sugar is still prohibited. It is necessary to ensure that the patient receives at least 60 g of protein per day. You also need to eat very slowly. New products must be introduced according to the scheme: one product every day.

Approximate daily menu in the third week after gastric resection

Breakfast:

• 100 grams of fat-free yogurt;
• protein shake with almond or coconut milk.

2nd breakfast:

• oatmeal with skim milk

Dinner:

afternoon tea:

• grated fat-free cottage cheese.

Dinner:

• steamed omelet.

Banana puree is also suitable as a snack.

Other foods that can be included in the diet menu after gastric resection for oncology:

• rye cereals soaked in skim milk or kefir;
• steamed vegetables or boiled until soft;
• soft varieties of fat-free cheeses;
• canned tuna and salmon in own juice.

In the third week, sugar is still prohibited, as well as starchy foods (pasta made from white flour, rice and bread). You can not eat fibrous vegetables such as celery, broccoli, asparagus, leafy salads, greens.

The list of allowed products is quite extensive:

Coffee fans can start drinking chicory. If the body does not react negatively to the new drink, then after a few weeks it will be possible to introduce decaffeinated coffee into the diet (you can add skim milk).

The following products are strictly prohibited:

Of course, you should not drink alcohol, eat snacks (crackers, chips, bars, etc.). Ignoring simple nutritional rules can lead to the development of esophageal and intestinal ulcers.

Healthy snack options

Since nutritionists recommend that patients add 2-3 more snacks in addition to the three main meals, a tasty, healthy snack that does not require warming up should always be on hand. Naturally, each dish should be entered into the menu only after approval by a nutritionist.

Great snack ideas:

• hummus with grated boiled carrots and turmeric;
• hard-boiled egg;
• banana.

As you can understand, living without a stomach and eating tasty and varied is quite real.